Industry 4.0 has poised to modernize the manufacturing sector ad boost industrial competitiveness. Specifically, it couples with emerging technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT), automation, and robotics, to increase productivity and reduce costs and thus digitally transformed the manufacturing sector into the “smart factory”.

Although Industry 4.0 has great benefits, it also has a significant impact on the manufacturing workforce. Potentially it disrupts the manufacturing processes and also the future of the manufacturing workforce and leads to controversial debates such as fear of jobs being taken by robots, ethical choices between job losses and profit, etc.