University | Singapore University of Social Science (SUSS) |
Subject | EAS401 Robotics Mechanics and Control Assignment |
EAS401 Robotics Mechanics and Control Assignment, SUSS, Singapore: Design a PYTHON program to compute the forward kinematics of PUMA 560.
Question 1 (15 marks)
Design a PYTHON program to compute the forward kinematics of PUMA 560. The DH parameters are listed in the following table:
Requirements:
β’ The code should be able to take the joint variables and the pose (position and
orientation) of a position vector expressed in Frame {6} (i.e., 6 ππ) as inputs, compute the forward kinematics mechanism, and output the pose of the position vector expressed in frame {0}.
β’ Experiment the code by using the following input values: [ππ1, ππ2, ππ3, ππ4, ππ5, ππ6] = [0, β20Β°, β30Β°, 45Β°, 15Β°, 30Β°] and 6 ππ = [0.2, 0.2, 0.2]ππ.
β’ List the code in the submission and provide the source code (.py) as an accompanying submission.
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Question 2 (25 marks)
(a) Inverse kinematics is essential to designing a controller of the robotic system. Perform numerical calculation for inverse kinematics of the planner three-link manipulator whose algebraic solution procedure is given in Textbook Section 4.4. Figure Q2 shows the mechanism of the three-link planar manipulator and its link parameters. In the figure, the base frame {π΅π΅} is shown as Frame {0}, and the wrist frame {ππ} is shown as Frame {3}. The following fixed-length parameters are given: πΏπΏ1 = 1 ππ, πΏπΏ2 = 1 ππ, and πΏπΏ3 = 1 ππ. The homogeneous transformation of the wrist frame relative to the base frame ( ππππ π΅π΅ ) is given by
Figure Q2: Three-link planar manipulator and its link parameters.
(i) Interpret the geometrical meanings in the following matrix and vector that are equipped with numerical entities.
and
(ii) Present a pseudocode in Python or Matlab style to show the procedure to calculate joint variables ππ1, ππ2, and ππ3. You are welcome to develop a true code to calculate the number values.
(iii) Solutions for ππ1, ππ2, and ππ3 can be obtained from the given numerical entities in ππππ π΅π΅. However, another set of numerical entities in ππππ
π΅π΅ might not yield solutions from the calculation. Explain your understanding of the non-solution issue.
(b) The inverse kinematics analysis is sometimes not as forward as that in a forward kinematics analysis. There is no general approach that can be applied to different manipulator mechanisms. The solution procedure in Textbook 4.7 for the PUMA 560 example demonstrates several patterns or manipulations that may inspire a solution procedure for another mechanism. Summarize what you have learnt from the example for an inverse kinematics analysis. You may use bullet points with text less than 400 words and only necessary equations.
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Question 3 (20 marks)
Figure Q3-1 shows Boston Dynamicsβ Spot which is a quadruped robot available on the market. The schematic model of a quadruped robot is shown in Figure Q3-2. The robot has a torso and four legs. Each leg has three joints, i.e., a rolling rotary joint at the root for side swing, a pitching rotary joint in the hip, and a pitching rotary joint in the knee. The base frame {ππ} and the body frame {π΅π΅} are assigned as shown in the figure.
For kinematic analysis, each leg can be retreated as a robot arm. The three joints are revolute. Joint 1 rotates about an axis along the longitudinal direction, while Joints 2 and 3 rotate about the transverse direction. The end-effector of the robot arm is the foot which has a spherical structure to adapt to different terrains. As shown in Figure Q3-3, Frames {0} to {4} are assigned to the base, the three joints, and the end effector respectively.
It is noted that Frame {4} is defined in accordance with Frame {3} with a translation. The axes ππΜ2, ππΜ3, ππΜ4 are in parallel, while ππΜ0 and ππΜ1 axes are perpendicular to ππΜ2, ππΜ3, ππΜ4 axes. It is also noted that axes πποΏ½2, πποΏ½2, πποΏ½3, πποΏ½3, πποΏ½4, πποΏ½4 are coplanar.
(a) Appraise the assignment of ππ1 in the given direction of the figure.
(b) Appraise the assignment of ππΜ2 in the given direction of the figure.
(c) Obtain the 3 4 ππ matrix directly based on your observation from the frame assignments and your understanding of the structure of a homogenous transform.
(d) The force component acting on the foot is expressed in Frame {4} as 4 πΉπΉ = οΏ½πππ₯π₯ πππ¦π¦ 0οΏ½ ππ. Examine the components expressed in Frame {3}, that is, 3 πΉπΉ.
(e) Calculate the torque acting at Joint 3 due to the force acting on the foot.
(f) Assume that at Frame {3}, the linear velocity 3 π£π£3 and the angular velocity 3 π€π€3 are known. Formulate the equations to calculate the linear velocity 4 π£π£4 and the angular velocity 4 π€π€4.
Question 4 (25 marks)
(a) Following the Webots Tutorial 6 to design and develop a four-wheel robot model from scratch (source: https://cyberbotics.com/doc/guide/tutorial-6-4-wheels-robot?tab- language=python).
Requirements:
β’ You can follow the recorded tutorial to develop the model and experiment with the controller code. However, your submitted project should be your independent work.
β’ The steps of using nodes of floor and walls to create a simulation environment are not covered in Tutorial 6. You can refer to the relevant information in Tutorial 2.
β’ Compress the entire project folder into a zipped file and submit the zipped file to the accompanying channel.
(b) Study the Python code for the controller and summarize your understandings. Requirements:
β’ You can comment on the codes to demonstrate the purpose of a specific line.
β’ You can present what you have learnt from this controller code in paragraph.
Question 5 (15 marks)
This question is a follow-up of TMA01 Question 7 where you were required to present a proposal to design the robotic system. In TMA02, you are further required to present some thoughts on how you can use Webots to develop a prototype of your proposal.
The requirements of this open-ended question are listed below:
β’ Firstly, discuss how you can take advantage of the available resources offered by Webots in your prototype development.
β’ You can then focus on one technical part, for example, how to implement (add) a controller, a sensor, or an actuator in your system to demonstrate your understanding of the software.
β’ Limit the maximum length of this section to 1000 words.
β’ You are required to cite the references in your study. Direct adoption of contents from an open resource or an AI generative resource is strictly prohibited.
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